Configure the reaction surface and fluid-management components as one assay system.
Immunodiagnostic membranes provide a porous reaction surface that
transports the sample and immobilizes capture molecules. In
lateral-flow assays, nitrocellulose membrane capillary behavior,
surface chemistry and protein binding influence signal development,
sensitivity, background and test time. Backing can improve handling
and reel-to-reel conversion.
PVDF membranes are commonly used for western and immunoblot
transfer, while cellulose, glass-fiber and synthetic pads manage
sample acceptance, reagent release and final absorption. Material
selection requires empirical testing with the intended sample,
reagent system, blocking chemistry and device geometry.